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2 Abstract The medieval knight was the deciding force on the battlefield during the Middle Ages, due primarily to his specialized arms and armor and his extensive training. This project tells the story of the knight through. Original Book Title: Arms & Armour of the Medieval Knight: Similar Tags: History, Military, Military History, Historical Fiction, Medieval, Non Fiction, Reference. Some Info: Hardcover, 192 pages: Book Published: July 26th. Armour - Wikipedia. Armour (spelled armor in the US) is a protective covering that is used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual, or vehicle by direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or action (e. Personal armour is used to protect soldiers and war animals. Vehicle armour is used on warships and armoured fighting vehicles. A second use of the term armour describes armoured forces, armoured weapons, and their role in combat. After the evolution of armoured warfare, mechanised infantry and their weapons came to be referred to collectively as . It is dated from 1. The word originates from the Old French armure, itself derived from the Latin armatura meaning . It has been made from a variety of materials, beginning with rudimentary leather protection and evolving through mail and metal plate into today's modern composites. For much of military history the manufacture of metal personal armour has dominated the technology and employment of armour. Armour drove the development of many important technologies of the Ancient World, including wood lamination, mining, metal refining, vehicle manufacture, leather processing, and later decorative metal working. Its production was influential in the industrial revolution, and furthered commercial development of metallurgy and engineering. Armour was the single most influential factor in the development of firearms, which in turn revolutionised warfare. History. For instance, plate armour first appeared in Medieval Europe when water- powered trip hammers made the formation of plates faster and cheaper. Also, modern militaries usually do not equip their forces with the best armour available because it would be prohibitively expensive. At times the development of armour has paralleled the development of increasingly effective weaponry on the battlefield, with armourers seeking to create better protection without sacrificing mobility. Well- known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mailhauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissanceknights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I (1. The samurai warriors of feudal Japan utilised many types of armour for hundreds of years up to the 1. Cuirasses and helmets were manufactured in Japan as early as the 4th century. Japanese lamellar armour (keiko) passed through Korea and reached Japan around the 5th century. The rest of the body was generally protected by means of a large shield. Examples of armies equipping their troops in this fashion were the Aztecs (1. CE). Around the dynastic Tang, Song, and early Ming Period, cuirasses and plates (mingguangjia) were also used, with more elaborate versions for officers in war. The Chinese, during that time used partial plates for . The other body parts were covered in cloth, leather, lamellar, and/or Mountain pattern. In pre- Qin dynasty times, leather armour was made out of various animals, with more exotic ones such as the rhinoceros. Mail, sometimes called . Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design. Hardened leather and splinted construction were used for arm and leg pieces. The coat of plates was developed, an armour made of large plates sewn inside a textile or leather coat. Early plate in Italy, and elsewhere in the 1. Iron armour could be carburised or case hardened to give a surface of harder steel. Mail continued to be used to protect those joints which could not be adequately protected by plate, such as the armpit, crook of the elbow and groin. This erroneous but common belief is probably a result of the romantic notion of the “knight in shining armor,” an image that itself harbors. This group will research the arms and armor of the medieval knight, working to develop a short. The medieval knight had many weapons at his disposal. Save as PDF arms and armour of the medieval knight with easy. And You can Read eBook Online arms and armour of the medieval knight file for free Another advantage of plate was that a lance rest could be fitted to the breast plate. Additionally, several new forms of fully enclosed helmets were introduced in the late 1. Probably the most recognised style of armour in the World became the plate armour associated with the knights of the European Late Middle Ages, but continuing to the early 1. Age of Enlightenment in all European countries. By about 1. 40. 0 the full harness of plate armour had been developed in armouries of Lombardy. The quality of the metal used in armour deteriorated as armies became bigger and armour was made thicker, necessitating breeding of larger cavalry horses. Crossbow bolts, if still used, would seldom penetrate good plate, nor would any bullet unless fired from close range. In effect, rather than making plate armour obsolete, the use of firearms stimulated the development of plate armour into its later stages. For most of that period, it allowed horsemen to fight while being the targets of defending arquebuseers without being easily killed. Full suits of armour were actually worn by generals and princely commanders right up to the second decade of the 1. It was the only way they could be mounted and survey the overall battlefield with safety from distant musket fire. The horse was afforded protection from lances and infantry weapons by steel plate barding. This gave the horse protection and enhanced the visual impression of a mounted knight. Late in the era, elaborate barding was used in parade armour. Gradually, starting in the mid- 1. Back and breast plates continued to be used throughout the entire period of the 1. Napoleonic times, in many European (heavy) cavalry units, until the early 2. From their introduction, muskets could pierce plate armour, so cavalry had to be far more mindful of the fire. In Japan armour continued to be used until the end of the samurai era, with the last major fighting in which armour was used happening in 1. Soldiers in the American Civil War bought iron and steel vests from peddlers (both sides had considered but rejected body armour for standard issue). The effectiveness of the vests varied widely. In any case the vests were abandoned by many soldiers due to their weight on long marches as well as the stigma they got for being cowards from their fellow troops. By that period, the shiny armour plate was covered in dark paint and a canvas wrap covered their elaborate Napoleonic style helmets. Their armour was meant to protect only against sabres and light lances. The cavalry had to beware of high velocity rifles and machine guns, unlike the foot soldiers, who at least had a trench to protect them. Present. Each plate is rated to stop a range of ammunition including 3 hits from a 7. Iron helmet and cuirass. National Museum of Korea. Medieval Germanic helmet. Plate armour. Riot police with body protection against blows. Other types. The first tanks were produced during World War I.
Aerial armour has been used to protect pilots and aircraft systems since the First World War. In modern ground forces' usage, the meaning of armour has expanded to include the role of troops in combat. After the evolution of armoured warfare, mechanised infantry were mounted in armoured fighting vehicles and replaced light infantry in many situations. In modern armoured warfare, armoured units equipped with tanks and infantry fighting vehicles serve the historic role of both the battle cavalry, light cavalry and dragoons, and belong to the armoured branch. History. The following year they launched HMS Warrior, which was twice the size and had iron armour over an iron hull. After the first battle between two ironclads took place in 1. American Civil War, it became clear that the ironclad had replaced the unarmoured line- of- battle ship as the most powerful warship afloat. The rapid evolution of warship design in the late 1. This change was pushed forward by the development of heavier naval guns (the ironclads of the 1. Many ironclads were built to make use of the ram or the torpedo, which a number of naval designers considered the crucial weapons of naval combat. There is no clear end to the ironclad period, but towards the end of the 1. New ships were increasingly constructed to a standard pattern and designated battleships or armoured cruisers. The most intensive use of armoured trains was during the Russian Civil War (1. Churchill and many of the train's garrison were captured, though many others escaped, including wounded placed on the train's engine. Armoured fighting vehicles. These contained guns or crossbowmen that could fire through gun- slits. The first modern AFVs were armoured cars, developed circa 1. These started as ordinary wheeled motor- cars protected by iron shields, typically mounting a machine gun. It was envisioned as an armoured machine that could advance under fire from enemy rifles and machine guns, and respond with its own heavy guns. It utilized caterpillar tracks to cross ground broken up by shellfire and trenches. Aircraft. As a response armour plating was added to aircraft to protect aircrew and vulnerable areas such as fuel tanks and engine. Present. As a result of this, the main battle tank (MBT) conceived in the Cold War era can survive multiple RPG strikes with minimal effect on the crew or the operation of the vehicle. The light tanks that were the last descendants of the light cavalry during the Second World War have almost completely disappeared from the world's militaries due to increased lethality of the weapons available to the vehicle- mounted infantry. The armoured personnel carrier (APC) was devised during World War I. It allows the safe and rapid movement of infantry in a combat zone, minimising casualties and maximising mobility. APCs are fundamentally different from the previously used armoured half- tracks in that they offer a higher level of protection from artillery burst fragments, and greater mobility in more terrain types. The basic APC design was substantially expanded to an Infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) when properties of an armoured personnel carrier and a light tank were combined in one vehicle. Ovo pravilo je osnova mr. Otrpilike isto koliko i jedan sat trka. Readbag users suggest that Nastavni plan i program VIII is worth reading. The file contains 329 page(s) and is free to view, download or print. Studenti Fakulteta za medije i komunikacije imaju prilike da istra POSEBNA PONUDA za sve nove kupce :: popust na drugu grupu 45% :: popust na trecu grupu 60% :: za vise informacija kliknite ovde. Potrebno je da redovno trenirate i uz sport kombinujete pravilnu ishranu. Napravite svoju matematiku: 5 puta nedeljno po 1. Naravno, pod uslovom da za ovih pretr. Podelite to sa 7. Ne brinite se, ovaj tempo mr. Posavetujte se sa lekarom ili nutriocionistom da li je pametnije da krenete prvo sa hodanjem. Ukoliko je tako pogledajte po. Razmislite i o ciljevima i uspesima koji mogu da vam promene .
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Jika hal- hal tersebut tidak dipahami, maka akan terjadi konflik, baik di tingkat internal (antar pemangku kepentingan di destinasi pariwisata) maupun antara pemangku kepentingan di destinasi pariwisata dengan wisatawan. Mc. Intosh. 2 menjelaskan bahwa motivasi yang mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan perjalanan adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Hal tersebut antara lain dilakukan dengan mengunjungi lingkungan yang berbeda dengan yang dilihatnya sehari- hari, di mana lingkungan tersebut memberikan kesan damai dan menyehatkan. Motivasi yang menjadi latar belakang seseorang melakukan kunjungan dalam hal ini adalah keinginan untuk melihat destinasi pariwisata yang memiliki nilai sejarah dan budaya yang sangat tinggi or yang menyelenggarakan aktivitas budaya yang sangat penting, seperti festival musik, festival seni, teater dan sebagainya. Untuk event Putri Pariwisata Indonesia 2012, Sebanyak 35 finalis dari 31 provinsi di seluruh Indonesia akan berkompetisi memperebutkan mahkota Putri. Departemen Kebudayaan Dan Pariwisata RI sebelumnya telah menetapkan program yang. Pos ini dipublikasikan di Indonesia, Pengetahuan Pariwisata dan. Akademi Pariwisata Eka Sakti Purwokerto Jl.Gerilya Barat. United Nations Environmental Program. Inagurasi Program UNWTO untuk Pariwisata di Pangandaran Menteri Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata (Menbudpar) Ir. Jero Wacik, SE bersama Sekjen UNWTO (United Nations World. Friday, February 17, 2012. Program D -3 Pariwisata FISIP Universitas. Yoeti tidak diragukan lagi merupakan tokoh perintis pendidikan pariwisata Indonesia. Khusus berkaitan dengan kesamaan etnik, orang dapat termotivasi untuk mengunjungi suatu tempat karena dianggap sebagai tempat tinggal/kelahiran nenek moyangnya. Sebagai contoh, karena Kabupaten Solok memiliki Danau Kembar yang indah, maka para pemangku kepentingan dalam industri pariwisata dapat membidik pasar yaitu para wisatawan yang memiliki motivasi relaxation, rest and recreationatau curiousity and culture. Hal ini mengandung pengertian pula bahwa infrastruktur dan suprastruktur yang disediakan memang sesuai dengan motivasi yang menjadi latar belakang seseorang untuk berwisata. Jika seseorang dengan motivasi relaxation, rest and recreation disuguhi destinasi pariwisata yang terlalu ramai dikunjungi wisatawan disertai tingkat kemacetan jalan dan polusi yang serius, maka destinasi pariwisata tersebut kemungkinan dapat dinilai memiliki citra yang buruk olehnya. Mengapa Destinasi Pariwisata Perlu Dikembangkan? Hal tersebut sangat penting karena akan berkaitan dengan analisis keuntungan dan kerugian (cost and benefit analysis) dari kegiatan ini dalam jangka pendek, menengah dan panjang. Beberapa di antaranya akan diuraikan dalam tulisan ini. Pertama, sembilan motivasi seseorang untuk berwisata sebagaimana telah diuraikan pada bagian sebelumnya merupakan peluang bagi suatu wilayah yang memiliki potensi untuk menjadi destinasi pariwisata untuk menjadi “media” pemenuhan kebutuhan dimaksud. Kedua, dengan menjadi media sebagaimana dimaksud pada poin pertama, maka ada berbagai keuntungan yang dapat diraih, antara lain: terbukanya lapangan pekerjaan; peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di sekitar destinasi pariwisata; meningkatkan nilai/citra suatu wilayah geografis, termasuk yang miskin akan sumber daya ekonomi, dan mendorong revitalisasi suatu wilayah geografis yang telah kehilangan daya tariknya, misalnya kota tua atau wilayah bekas pertambangan. Ketiga, bagi negara sedang berkembang, industri pariwisata dapat dikatakan merupakan media pembangunan ekonomi yang tidak memerlukan investasi terlalu besar dalam jangka panjang sebelum dapat memberikan keuntungan. Daya tarik wisata yang merupakan salah satu modal utama untuk pengembangan kepariwisataan, sudah tersedia. Jika dibandingkan dengan misalnya pengembangan industri otomotif, dibutuhkan modal yang sangat besar dan waktu yang cukup lama sebelum keuntungan dapat diperoleh. Keempat, dalam melaksanakan pembangunan dibutuhkan dana pendukung. Jika hal tersebut bergantung kepada teknologi dari negara lain, maka devisa untuk pembangunan akan tersedot ke luar negeri karena keharusan untuk mengimpor barang modal dan barang habis pakai (terjadi leakage atau kebocoran devisa). Sektor pariwisata dapat mengurangi ketergantungan impor karena sebagian besar barang modal dan barang habis pakai dapat disediakan oleh destinasi pariwisata, seperti kerajinan tangan, makanan dan minuman, dan daya tarik wisata. Kelima, sekedar untuk memperkuat nilai positif kepariwisataan, data statistik menunjukkan perannya yang sangat besar dalam perekonomian dunia. United Nations’ World Tourism Organization(UNWTO) melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 2. US$ 9. 19 milyar. Diperkirakan bahwa pada tahun 2. Dengan demikian, terdapat peluang yang lebih besar bagi Indonesia untuk menarik lebih banyak segmen pasar tersebut yang pada umumnya berasal dari negara- negara yang berpendapatan tinggi (negara maju). Industri pariwisata dapat mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan karena karakteristiknya yang khas sebagai berikut. Ibarat sebuah tim sepak bola, setiap pemain merasa berhak dan berkewajiban untuk menjadi pencetak gol atau penyerang utama (striker). Sudah tentu hal tersebut merupakan sesuatu yang mustahil untuk dilaksanakan. Tidak semua pemain harus menjadi penyerang utama, namun harus diingat bahwa tanpa para pemain pendukung, seorang penyerang utama sehebat apapun tidak akan memenangkan pertandingan. Kepariwisataan pada dasarnya adalah sebuah konsep abstrak yang merupakan gabungan dari berbagai unsur pendukung dan membentuk sebuah sistem. Artinya, para pemangku kepentingan dalam industri pariwisata sejak awal harus sudah memahami bahwa sektor ini tidak akan dapat berjalan dengan sendirinya tanpa dukungan dari berbagai sektor lain. Oleh karena itu, di tingkat kebijakan selalu muncul ungkapan bahwa sektor pariwisata tidak punya “barangnya”, karena yang memiliki “barangnya” adalah sektor lain seperti transportasi, kehutanan, pertanian dan sebagainya. Hal tersebut tidak perlu diartikan bahwa sektor pariwisata menjadi dianaktirikan atau dinomorduakan. Jika para pemangku kepentingan di sektor pariwisata dapat membuktikan bahwa kepariwisataan mampu membuat sebuah wilayah menjadi lebih sejahtera dan dikenal luas, maka dengan sendirinya orang pada akhirnya akan mengakui bahwa kepariwisataan merupakan “salah seorang pemain dalam tim sepakbola” yang tidak dapat diabaikan. Prinsip yang dapat digunakan adalah bahwa: “tourism is doing business in a smart way” (kepariwisataan adalah melakukan bisnis dengan cara yang lebih pintar) (anonim). Berbagai jenis aktivitas dapat dilakukan untuk mewujudkannya, seperti. Dampak- dampak negatif tersebut harus dapat diantisipasi sejak dini agar tidak menimbulkan kerugian yang bersifat jangka panjang bagi suatu destinasi pariwisata. Pertama, ketika suatu wilayah tertentu berkembang menjadi destinasi pariwisata, maka permintaan akan produk lokal dan tanah di wilayah tersebut akan meningkat, sehingga harga akan terus meningkat. Sebagai contoh, jika pakaian tradisional di suatu daerah sangat diminati oleh wisatawan, maka peningkatan harga secara berkelanjutan akan menyebabkan penduduk setempat tidak lagi mampu membeli pakaian tradisional mereka sendiri dan mungkin harus beralih untuk memakai pakaian dengan kain yang harganya jauh lebih murah tetapi merupakan produk impor. Kedua, di dalam hasil penelitian the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) disebutkan bahwa sebagian keuntungan yang dihasilkan dari sektor pariwisata internasional akan kembali ke negara asal wisatawan. Kebocoran devisa (leakage) dapat terjadi antara lain karena: makanan dan minuman dan peralatan yang digunakan hotel/sarana akomodasi yang harus diimpor; gaji yang dibayarkan kepada tenaga kerja asing; keuntungan yang diperoleh perusahaan asing di bidang kepariwisataan; dan sebagainya. Hasil penelitian United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) pada tahun 2. Thailand dan 8. 0% di wilayah Kepulauan Karibia. Jika diilustrasikan, hal tersebut berarti bahwa misalnya dari US$ 1. US$ 3. 0 yang menjadi keuntungan Thailand dan US$ 2. Karibia. Sementara itu, menurut World Bank, tingkat leakage paling rendah untuk negara sedang berkembang adalah sebesar 4. India. 1. 2. Ketiga, kegiatan di sektor pariwisata dapat menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan yang serius. Sebagai contoh, sekitar 8. Walaupun belum diketahui seberapa besar kontribusi sektor transportasi udara di tingkat global terhadap volume emisi tersebut, diperkirakan jumlahnya paling besar. Sebagai contoh, di Eropa, pada tahun 2. L. E. Preston dalam Antariksa, 2. Persoalan ini bersifat dilematis karena sektor transportasi udara memberikan sumbangan terbesar terhadap pergerakan wisatawan dari negara maju ke destinasi pariwisata di negara sedang berkembang (C. L. Henry dalam Antariksa, 2. Keempat, politisasi sektor pariwisata juga dapat terjadi dalam hal- hal tertentu. Pada umumnya pemerintah di negara maju memiliki posisi tawar (bargaining position) yang sangat tinggi dibandingkan negara sedang berkembang dalam hal penetapan kebijakan lalu lintas warga negaranya ke luar negeri. Sebagai contoh, travel warning/advisory tidak hanya diberlakukan karena alasan- alasan konvensional (bencana alam, persoalan kesehatan dan keamanan), tetapi juga untuk mengakomodasi protes yang dilakukan oleh publik dan bahkan untuk keperluan embargo ekonomi. Dengan demikian, kebijakan tersebut secara terselubung mengandung kepentingan: “. Nyaupane dalam Antariksa, 2. Di samping itu, pariwisata dapat menciptakan ketergantungan negara sedang berkembang yang semakin dalam terhadap negara maju. Martin Mowforth dan Ian Munt (1. Narasaiah (2. 00. Elemen utama yang harus dimiliki dalam pelaksanaan proses tersebut adalah kepemimpinan yang baik (leadership). Leadership adalah sebuah ramuan ajaib yang dapat mengubah suatu situasi yang “tidak mungkin” menjadi “mungkin”. Ilustrasi sederhana yang dapat diungkapkan adalah bahwa secanggih apapun sebuah senjata, kehebatannya di lapangan akan ditentukan oleh “the man behind the gun”. Sebagai contoh, para pemimpin yang terkait di dalam kepariwisataan (pemerintah dan non- pemerintah) harus memahami bahwa suatu destinasi tidak dapat dikembangkan secara terus- menerus tanpa batas. How to Convert PDF to Visio Compatible Format. Overview. Microsoft Visio is a diagramming and vector graphics application, and is part of the Microsoft Office family. Visio stores all the details and information about a diagram or drawing using XML(Extensible Markup Language). The native file format is VDX(Visio XML Drawing ). However, due to improvements in recent years, Visio currently has three principal types of files, which are derived from the native file format. These are drawings, templates, and stencils, and they have the file extensions VSDX,VSTX, and VSSX respectively. These file formats consist of a ZIP archive package and the XML content. The main advantages of Visio files are co- authoring and the ability to view diagrams natively in the browser, smaller file sizes, security, data recovery, and interoperability. Visio files are highly compressed and are substantially smaller than comparable binary documents. This makes them easier to store, and easier to transfer through e- mail, over networks, and across the Web. The data in a Viso file is stored in form of XML and has a standard structure. This makes it highly secure and transparent, and makes data recovery easier due to the segmentation and separate storage of different components within the file. It is definitely possible to edit PDF files in Visio! Before converting, make sure that your PDF file in not a scanned image. It’s free and we are happy to help you achieve optimal results. FoxPDF Visio to PDF Converter allows. Advanced Scan to PDF Free. Only drag and drop your Microsoft Visio files and it doesn't require Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader while converting Visio to PDF(VSD to PDF. Office-Converter.com = Free Online Convert VSD to PDF http:// VSD to PDF - How to Convert VSD to PDF, Visio to PDF. Converting Visio 2010 files to PDF documents - Duration. Visio to PDF conversion tutorial that shows how to use novaPDF to convert a Microsoft Office Visio file to a PDF by simply clicking. Visio to PDF, VSD to PDF. Visio to PDF, VSD to PDF. Online PDF Converter, Free Online PDF Converter, Free PDF Converter, Image to PDF Converter. Visio to PDF Converter allows users to set various parameters for the output PDF document in the conversion from Visio to PDF. Visio to PDF Converter. Converting XPS format to PDF, PS, EPS. 2.1 Definition: The Services provide the user with an online process for converting PDF to DWG file. Option 1: Please try out with another PDF file, a simpler. Lastly, it is easy to access, extract, and repurpose the data in a Visio file using any application or development tool that supports XML access. |
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